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The 1834 Hebron massacre occurred in early August 1834,〔 〕 when the forces of Ibrahim Pasha launched an assault against Hebron to crush the last pocket of significant resistance in Palestine during the 1834 peasants' revolt. After heavy street battles, the Egyptian Army defeated the rebels of Hebron, and afterward subjected Hebron's inhabitants to violence following the fall of the city. About 500 civilians and rebels were killed, while the Egyptian Army experienced 260 casualties. Although the Jews had not participated in the uprising and despite Ibrahim Pasha's assurances that the Jewish quarter would be left unharmed, Hebronite Jews were attacked.〔 〕〔 〕 A total of 12 Jews were killed. The Jews of Hebron later referred to the events as a ''Yagma el Gabireh'' ("great destruction").〔 〕〔 〕 ==Background== The peasants' revolt of 1834 was a popular uprising against conscription and disarmament measures applied by Ibrahim Pasha that took five months to quell. Though notables play a key role, peasants formed the core of the insurgency, and attacked cities like Jerusalem. One consequence was that they also engaged in extensive plundering and assaults on local Jewish and Christian minorities, and fellow Muslims.〔Joel Beinin ''Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East,'' Cambridge University Press, 2001 p.33.〕〔Judith Mendelsohn Rood, ''Sacred Law In The Holy City: The Khedival Challenge To The Ottomans As Seen from Jerusalem, 1829-1841,'' BRILL 2004 p.128〕 One of the key centers of rebellion was in the central hilly regions of Nablus, Jerusalem and Hebron. Hebron had suffered from Ibrahim Pasha's exactions: in the preceding year, under a rule imposing the conscription of one fifth of the male population, 500 Hebronites were drafted into the Egyptian army, on the grounds that they were needed to fight ‘the Nazarene nations’.〔Judith Mendelsohn Rood, ''Sacred Law In The Holy City: The Khedival Challenge To The Ottomans As Seen from Jerusalem, 1829-1841,'' BRILL 2004 p.120, p.126〕 As Ibrahim Pasha struggled to quash the rebellion, local forces from Nablus and Jerusalem concentrated their efforts to make a last stand in Hebron. Egyptian gunners blew up the castle defences, and, on entering the city, they did not distinguish between local Muslims and Jews—the latter played no role in the rebellion—but set about massacring indiscriminately, having been given six hours to enjoy the fruits of their victory. Ibraham Pasha "unleashed his troops to loot, pillage, murder, and rape in revenge and to terrorize the inhabitants so as to quash any thoughts of a repeat of their actions against his government".〔’Adel Manna’, ‘Reading the 834 Revolt against Muhammad ‘Ali in Palestine and Rethinking Ottoman Rule,’ in Kamīl Manṣūr,Leila Tarazi Fawaz (eds.)''Transformed Landscapes: Essays on Palestine and the Middle East in Honor of Walid Khalidi,'' The American University Press in Cairo 2009 pp.83-103 p.87〕 The Nablus and Jerusalem insurgents also had a role in the violence against the Jewish community. Ibrahim Pasha is said to have intervened eventually to avoid their extermination.〔Emile Marmorstein, ‘European Jews in Muslim Palestine,’ in Elie Kedourie,Sylvia G. Haim (eds.) ''Palestine and Israel in the 19th and 20th Centuries,'' (1982) Routledge 2013 pp.1-14, p.5〕〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1834 Hebron massacre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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